Dietary silymarin, <i>Silybum marianum</i> extract ameliorates cadmium chloride toxicity in common carp, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>

Abstract The present study evaluated the protective effects of silymarin extract (SIE) on cadmium chloride toxicity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio . Four experimental groups were considered for experiment including: SIE 0 (control): non-SIE-supplemented fish, 1 : fish supplemented with 400 mg SIE/kg diet, 2 1400 3 2400 diet. Fish fed diet 60 days and then exposed to (1.5 mg/l or 25% LC50-96 h) antioxidant defense components survival rate assayed. After feeding trial, total capacity (TAC) levels significantly increased (P&lt;0.01) 1400–2400 treatments compared those control treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) (P&gt;0.01) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remained unchanged during period all treatments. Hepatic catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) elevated response SIE. Plasma hepatic metabolic enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] over period. exposure chloride, TAC groups. In treatment, showed lower other MDA treatment (P&gt;0.01), following exposure. CAT (P&lt;0.01), SOD GPx However, treatments, increases enzymes. AChE activity liver decreased Exposure plasma ALT, AST, ALP LDH findings current indicated that at a 1400–2400mg/kg might enhance protect hepatocytes against toxic cadmium.